Relationship Between Spouse Abuse and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Predictors of Domestic Violence in Women Visiting Comprehensive Urban Health Service Centers in Birjand
-
Bibi Narjes Moasheri
,
Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
,
Masoomeh Sharifi
,
Faezeh Ansarifar
,
Vahideh Abolhasannezhad
Abstract
Background: Spouse abuse is a major human problem in various communities, which not only has legal aspects but also considerably affects family as the primary social institution.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spouse abuse and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and identify the predictors of domestic violence in women visiting comprehensive urban health services centers in Birjand, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 475 women visiting comprehensive urban health services centers in Birjand were selected via the cluster sampling method. Data was collected using a demographics form, Samuee’s Standard Spouse Abuse Scale, and Rabie’s Behavioral Measurement Scale for obsessive-compulsive disorder. The collected data was entered into SPSS 16 and analyzed using MannWhitney, Kruskal Wallis, and Spearman non-parametric tests. The level of significance was set at α = 5%.
Results:The mean scores of OCD and domestic violence in the studied women were 9.7 ± 5.1 and 77.1 ± 27.9, respectively. Of all the participants, 86.5% had experienced mild violence, 9.3% moderate violence, and 4.2% severe spousal violence. Moreover, 42.9% of women were suffering from OCD. The mean score of violence was significantly higher in addicted women, women with OCD, and women with unemployed, loweducated, or addicted spouses (P < 0.05). Furthermore, women who had a history of family conflict or parental conflict were significantly influenced by violent, high-risk, and arrogant behaviors of the spouse. The mean score of violence was significantly correlated with some components of OCD, age of women and their spouses, and duration of marriage (P < 0.05). Obsessive compulsive disorder was determined as a good predictor of violence against women (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: It seems that numerous psychological problems of women, such as anxiety and OCD, can be attributed to family violence. On the other hand, anxiety and OCD can increase the level of incompatibility in women and make them more vulnerable to violence. Therefore, the identification of cases of violence and spouse abuse and the timely detection and treatment of OCD in women can ensure the physical, emotional, and psychological security of women in a family, and thereby contribute to the stability of the family and community and reduce social harms.
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2. Correia I, Alves H, Morais R, Ramos M. The legitimation of wife abuse among women: The impact of belief in a just world and gender identification. Pers Individ Differ. 2015;76:7-12. doi:10.1016/j. paid.2014.11.041.
3. Bolhari J, Karimi-kismi E. [The role of demographic and psy chological variables in predicting violence in victims of spouse abuse in Tehran]. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2011;16(4):403-11.
4. Pournaghash-Tehrani S. Domestic violence in Iran: A litera ture review. Aggress Violent Behav. 2011;16(1):1-5. doi:10.1016/j. avb.2010.12.001.
5. Herschell AD, Scudder AB, Schaffner KF, Slagel LA. Feasibility and effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy with victims of domestic violence: A pilot study. J Child Fam Stud. 2017;26(1):271- 83. doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0546-y. [PubMed:28503060]. [PubMed Central:PMC5423729].
6. Audi CA, Segall-Correa AM, Santiago SM, Andrade Mda G, Perez Escamila R. Violence against pregnant women: Prevalence and associated factors. Rev Saude Publica. 2008;42(5):877-85. doi:10.1590/s0034-89102008005000041. [PubMed:18695785].
7. Hajnasiri H, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Sayehmiri K, Moafi F, Fara jzadeh M. Domestic violence among Iranian women: A sys tematic review and meta-analysis. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016;18(6):e34971. doi:10.5812/ircmj.34971. [PubMed:27621936]. [PubMed Central:PMC5006439].
8. Vameghi M, Khodai Ardekani M, Sajadi H. [Domestic violence in Iran: Review of 2001-2008 literature]. Social Welfare Quarterly. 2014;13(50):37-70.
9. Moasheri N, Miri M, Abolhassannejad V, Hedayati H, Zngvyy M. [Prevalence and demographic aspects of domestic violence against women in Birjand]. New Cares: Faculty Nursing and Midwifery Science Journal, Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2012;9(1):39-2.
10. Kim SN, Lee TY, Yoon YB, Kwon JS. Neurocognitive deficit in first episode, drug-naive obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Psychiat. 2020;33(S1):S119-S. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.137.
11. Sheikhmoonesi F, Hajheidari Z, Masoudzadeh A, Mohammad pour RA, Mozaffari M. Prevalence and severity of obsessive-com pulsive disorder and their relationships with dermatological diseases. Acta Med Iran. 2014;52(7):511-4. [PubMed:25135259].
12. Stewart SE, Hu YP, Leung A, Chan E, Hezel DM, Lin SY, et al. A multisite study of family functioning impairment in pedi atric obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(3):241-9 e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.12.012. [PubMed:28219490]. [PubMed Central:PMC5332162].
13. Jamali S, Javadpour S. The impact of intimate male partner vio lence on women’s sexual function: A study in Iran. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(12):QC29-QC33. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/20455.9119. [PubMed:28208946]. [PubMed Central:PMC5296519].
14. Mobasher A, Assareh M, Karamollahi Z, Mobasher A. Personality psychopathology among female victims of domestic violence referred to the Forensic Medical Center, Ahvaz, Iran. Adv Environ Biol. 2014:307-11.
15. Lydsdottir LB, Howard LM, Olafsdottir H, Thome M, Tyrfingsson P, Sigurdsson JF. The mental health characteristics of pregnant women with depressive symptoms identified by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014;75(4):393-8. doi:10.4088/JCP.13m08646. [PubMed:24569071]. 16. Khalifeh H, Oram S, Osborn D, Howard LM, Johnson S. Recent physical and sexual violence against adults with severe men tal illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Rev Psy chiatry. 2016;28(5):433-51. doi:10.1080/09540261.2016.1223608. [PubMed:27645197]. [PubMed Central:PMC5309869].
17. Walsh K, Hasin D, Keyes KM, Koenen KC. Associations between gender-based violence and personality disorders in U.S. wom en. Personal Disord. 2016;7(2):205-10. doi:10.1037/per0000158. [PubMed:26569577]. [PubMed Central:PMC4816663].
18. Lapierre S. More responsibilities, less control: Understanding the challenges and difficulties involved in mothering in the context of domestic violence. Br J Soc Work. 2009;40(5):1434-51. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp080.
19. Shariat S, Monshei G. [A prediction model based on personality traits and domestic violence against women and child abuse his tory spouses in Isfahan]. Commonity Health. 2017;14(2):90-8.
20. Korkmaz S, Korucu T, Yildiz S, Kaya S, Izci F, Atmaca M. Frequency of domestic violence in psychiatric patients and related factors. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2016:359-66. doi:10.5350/dajpn2016290407.
21. Friedman SH, Loue S. Incidence and prevalence of intimate partner violence by and against women with severe mental ill ness. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007;16(4):471-80. doi:10.1089/ jwh.2006.0115. [PubMed:17521250].
22. Dolatian M, Zahiroddin A, Velaie N, Majd HA. [Evaluation of prevalence of domestic violence and its role on mental health]. Pajoohandeh Journal. 2012;16(6):277-83.
23. Yang M, Wong SC, Coid JW. Violence, mental health and vio lence risk factors among community women: An epidemio logical study based on two national household surveys in the UK. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1020. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1020. [PubMed:24165544]. [PubMed Central:PMC3829658].
24. Lacey KK, Mouzon DM. Severe physical intimate partner vio lence and the mental and physical health of U.S. Caribbean black women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016;25(9):920-9. doi:10.1089/ jwh.2015.5293. [PubMed:26918816].
25. Samuee R. [The emotional quotient test,(Bar-On); A normalized prac tical guide]. Tehran, Iran: Ravantajhiz; 2001.
26. Rabiei. [A model of cognitive-metacognitive-causative behavioral model to determine obsessive-compulsive disorder and enquery into the effect of intervention based on this model on the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms [dissertation]]. Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan University; 2013.
27. George J, Nair D, Premkumar NR, Saravanan N, Chinnakali P, Roy G. The prevalence of domestic violence and its associated factors among married women in a rural area of Puducherry, South India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016;5(3):672-6. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.197309. [PubMed:28217603]. [PubMed Central:PMC5290780].
28. Mohamadian F, Hashemian A, Bagheri M, Direkvand-Moghadam A. Prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence against Iranian women: A cross-sectional study. Korean J Fam Med. 2016;37(4):253- 8. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.4.253. [PubMed:27468345]. [PubMed Central:PMC4961859].
29. Keyvanara M, Saghafipour A, Rajati F, Abbasi MH, Matlabi M, Mirheidari M, et al. [Domestic violence against women and its related factors in Isfahan in 2011]. Journal of Health. 2015;6(4):448- 57.
30. Torkashwand F, Rezaeean M, Sheikhfathollahi M, Mehrabian M, Bidaki R, Garousi B, et al. [The Prevalence of the types of domes tic violence on women referred to health care centers in Rafsan jan in 2012]. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2013;12(9):695-708.
31. Coker AL, Davis KE, Arias I, Desai S, Sanderson M, Brandt HM, et al. Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women. Am J Prev Med. 2002;23(4):260-8. doi:10.1016/ s0749-3797(02)00514-7. [PubMed:12406480].
32. Sarayloo KH, Mirzaei Najmabadi KH, Ranjbar F, Behboodi Mogha dam Z. [Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against pregnant women]. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2017;29(104):28-35. doi:10.29252/ijn.29.104.28.
33. Nourani Saadoldin S, Baharshahi S, Esmaily H, Asghari Pour N. [Comparison of gender schemas of couples in women with and without spouse abuse referred to health care centers in Mash had in 2015]. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infer tility. 2017;20(2):21-30.
34. Hedjazi A. [Domestic violence rate in women who were referred to legal medicine organization of Mashhad city]. J Fundam Men tal Health. 2013;15(57):27-34.
35. Lutenbacher M, Cohen A, Conner NM. Breaking the cycle of family violence: Understanding the perceptions of battered women. J Pediatr Health Care. 2004;18(5):236-43. doi:10.1016/j. pedhc.2004.04.002. [PubMed:15337918].
36. Alesina A, Brioschi B, Ferrara EL. Violence against women: A cross cultural analysis for Africa. Massachusetts, USA: National Bureau of Economic Research; 2016.
37. Bonomi A, Nichols E, Kammes R, Green T. Sexual violence and intimate partner violence in college women with a mental health and/or behavior disability. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(3):359-68. doi:10.1089/jwh.2016.6279. [PubMed:285045.
2. Correia I, Alves H, Morais R, Ramos M. The legitimation of wife abuse among women: The impact of belief in a just world and gender identification. Pers Individ Differ. 2015;76:7-12. doi:10.1016/j. paid.2014.11.041.
3. Bolhari J, Karimi-kismi E. [The role of demographic and psy chological variables in predicting violence in victims of spouse abuse in Tehran]. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2011;16(4):403-11.
4. Pournaghash-Tehrani S. Domestic violence in Iran: A litera ture review. Aggress Violent Behav. 2011;16(1):1-5. doi:10.1016/j. avb.2010.12.001.
5. Herschell AD, Scudder AB, Schaffner KF, Slagel LA. Feasibility and effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy with victims of domestic violence: A pilot study. J Child Fam Stud. 2017;26(1):271- 83. doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0546-y. [PubMed:28503060]. [PubMed Central:PMC5423729].
6. Audi CA, Segall-Correa AM, Santiago SM, Andrade Mda G, Perez Escamila R. Violence against pregnant women: Prevalence and associated factors. Rev Saude Publica. 2008;42(5):877-85. doi:10.1590/s0034-89102008005000041. [PubMed:18695785].
7. Hajnasiri H, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Sayehmiri K, Moafi F, Fara jzadeh M. Domestic violence among Iranian women: A sys tematic review and meta-analysis. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016;18(6):e34971. doi:10.5812/ircmj.34971. [PubMed:27621936]. [PubMed Central:PMC5006439].
8. Vameghi M, Khodai Ardekani M, Sajadi H. [Domestic violence in Iran: Review of 2001-2008 literature]. Social Welfare Quarterly. 2014;13(50):37-70.
9. Moasheri N, Miri M, Abolhassannejad V, Hedayati H, Zngvyy M. [Prevalence and demographic aspects of domestic violence against women in Birjand]. New Cares: Faculty Nursing and Midwifery Science Journal, Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2012;9(1):39-2.
10. Kim SN, Lee TY, Yoon YB, Kwon JS. Neurocognitive deficit in first episode, drug-naive obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Psychiat. 2020;33(S1):S119-S. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.137.
11. Sheikhmoonesi F, Hajheidari Z, Masoudzadeh A, Mohammad pour RA, Mozaffari M. Prevalence and severity of obsessive-com pulsive disorder and their relationships with dermatological diseases. Acta Med Iran. 2014;52(7):511-4. [PubMed:25135259].
12. Stewart SE, Hu YP, Leung A, Chan E, Hezel DM, Lin SY, et al. A multisite study of family functioning impairment in pedi atric obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(3):241-9 e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.12.012. [PubMed:28219490]. [PubMed Central:PMC5332162].
13. Jamali S, Javadpour S. The impact of intimate male partner vio lence on women’s sexual function: A study in Iran. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(12):QC29-QC33. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/20455.9119. [PubMed:28208946]. [PubMed Central:PMC5296519].
14. Mobasher A, Assareh M, Karamollahi Z, Mobasher A. Personality psychopathology among female victims of domestic violence referred to the Forensic Medical Center, Ahvaz, Iran. Adv Environ Biol. 2014:307-11.
15. Lydsdottir LB, Howard LM, Olafsdottir H, Thome M, Tyrfingsson P, Sigurdsson JF. The mental health characteristics of pregnant women with depressive symptoms identified by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014;75(4):393-8. doi:10.4088/JCP.13m08646. [PubMed:24569071]. 16. Khalifeh H, Oram S, Osborn D, Howard LM, Johnson S. Recent physical and sexual violence against adults with severe men tal illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Rev Psy chiatry. 2016;28(5):433-51. doi:10.1080/09540261.2016.1223608. [PubMed:27645197]. [PubMed Central:PMC5309869].
17. Walsh K, Hasin D, Keyes KM, Koenen KC. Associations between gender-based violence and personality disorders in U.S. wom en. Personal Disord. 2016;7(2):205-10. doi:10.1037/per0000158. [PubMed:26569577]. [PubMed Central:PMC4816663].
18. Lapierre S. More responsibilities, less control: Understanding the challenges and difficulties involved in mothering in the context of domestic violence. Br J Soc Work. 2009;40(5):1434-51. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp080.
19. Shariat S, Monshei G. [A prediction model based on personality traits and domestic violence against women and child abuse his tory spouses in Isfahan]. Commonity Health. 2017;14(2):90-8.
20. Korkmaz S, Korucu T, Yildiz S, Kaya S, Izci F, Atmaca M. Frequency of domestic violence in psychiatric patients and related factors. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2016:359-66. doi:10.5350/dajpn2016290407.
21. Friedman SH, Loue S. Incidence and prevalence of intimate partner violence by and against women with severe mental ill ness. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007;16(4):471-80. doi:10.1089/ jwh.2006.0115. [PubMed:17521250].
22. Dolatian M, Zahiroddin A, Velaie N, Majd HA. [Evaluation of prevalence of domestic violence and its role on mental health]. Pajoohandeh Journal. 2012;16(6):277-83.
23. Yang M, Wong SC, Coid JW. Violence, mental health and vio lence risk factors among community women: An epidemio logical study based on two national household surveys in the UK. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1020. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1020. [PubMed:24165544]. [PubMed Central:PMC3829658].
24. Lacey KK, Mouzon DM. Severe physical intimate partner vio lence and the mental and physical health of U.S. Caribbean black women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016;25(9):920-9. doi:10.1089/ jwh.2015.5293. [PubMed:26918816].
25. Samuee R. [The emotional quotient test,(Bar-On); A normalized prac tical guide]. Tehran, Iran: Ravantajhiz; 2001.
26. Rabiei. [A model of cognitive-metacognitive-causative behavioral model to determine obsessive-compulsive disorder and enquery into the effect of intervention based on this model on the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms [dissertation]]. Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan University; 2013.
27. George J, Nair D, Premkumar NR, Saravanan N, Chinnakali P, Roy G. The prevalence of domestic violence and its associated factors among married women in a rural area of Puducherry, South India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016;5(3):672-6. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.197309. [PubMed:28217603]. [PubMed Central:PMC5290780].
28. Mohamadian F, Hashemian A, Bagheri M, Direkvand-Moghadam A. Prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence against Iranian women: A cross-sectional study. Korean J Fam Med. 2016;37(4):253- 8. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.4.253. [PubMed:27468345]. [PubMed Central:PMC4961859].
29. Keyvanara M, Saghafipour A, Rajati F, Abbasi MH, Matlabi M, Mirheidari M, et al. [Domestic violence against women and its related factors in Isfahan in 2011]. Journal of Health. 2015;6(4):448- 57.
30. Torkashwand F, Rezaeean M, Sheikhfathollahi M, Mehrabian M, Bidaki R, Garousi B, et al. [The Prevalence of the types of domes tic violence on women referred to health care centers in Rafsan jan in 2012]. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2013;12(9):695-708.
31. Coker AL, Davis KE, Arias I, Desai S, Sanderson M, Brandt HM, et al. Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women. Am J Prev Med. 2002;23(4):260-8. doi:10.1016/ s0749-3797(02)00514-7. [PubMed:12406480].
32. Sarayloo KH, Mirzaei Najmabadi KH, Ranjbar F, Behboodi Mogha dam Z. [Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against pregnant women]. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2017;29(104):28-35. doi:10.29252/ijn.29.104.28.
33. Nourani Saadoldin S, Baharshahi S, Esmaily H, Asghari Pour N. [Comparison of gender schemas of couples in women with and without spouse abuse referred to health care centers in Mash had in 2015]. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infer tility. 2017;20(2):21-30.
34. Hedjazi A. [Domestic violence rate in women who were referred to legal medicine organization of Mashhad city]. J Fundam Men tal Health. 2013;15(57):27-34.
35. Lutenbacher M, Cohen A, Conner NM. Breaking the cycle of family violence: Understanding the perceptions of battered women. J Pediatr Health Care. 2004;18(5):236-43. doi:10.1016/j. pedhc.2004.04.002. [PubMed:15337918].
36. Alesina A, Brioschi B, Ferrara EL. Violence against women: A cross cultural analysis for Africa. Massachusetts, USA: National Bureau of Economic Research; 2016.
37. Bonomi A, Nichols E, Kammes R, Green T. Sexual violence and intimate partner violence in college women with a mental health and/or behavior disability. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(3):359-68. doi:10.1089/jwh.2016.6279. [PubMed:285045.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 4, No 4 (2020) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/htaa.v4i4.6871 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Domestic violence against women married spouse abuse obsessive-compulsive disorder | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Moasheri BN, Sharifzadeh G, Sharifi M, Ansarifar F, Abolhasannezhad V. Relationship Between Spouse Abuse and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Predictors of Domestic Violence in Women Visiting Comprehensive Urban Health Service Centers in Birjand. Health Tech Ass Act. 2021;4(4).
