The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training with Different Duration on Fibrinogen and Plasma Viscosity in Sedentary Male College Students
,
Abstract
Background: There have been few investigations into the impact of high-intensity interval training on blood rheology.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate how high-intensity interval training conducted with different duration affects fibrinogen and plasma viscosity in sedentary young college men.
Methods: For this study, 36 healthy male participants were selected and grouped based on their individual characteristics. The groups included a control group (n = 9), a 45-second training group (tr-45; n = 9), a 30-second training group (tr-30; n = 9), and a 15-second training group (tr-15; n = 9). The training regimen comprised six sessions over two weeks, with varying sets (4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 4 respectively) and durations
of 15, 30, and 45 seconds for different groups. There was a fixed 4-minute rest interval between each set, with a consistent load of 0.6 on the Wingate cycle ergometer. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the final session to analyze fibrinogen and plasma viscosity levels.
Results: There were no significant differences between groups in plasma fibrinogen levels (F3, 32 = 2.303, P = 0.96). However, post-test analysis revealed a significant decrease in plasma fibrinogen in the tr-45 group (P = 0.027) compared to pre-test levels. Plasma viscosity did not significantly change between groups (F3, 32 = 0.651, P = 0.058), but there was a significant interaction between time and group (F3, 40= 4.43, P = 0.009). Post-test analysis showed a significant decrease in plasma viscosity in the tr-45 (P = 0.010), tr-30 (P = 0.002), and tr-15 (P =
0.003) groups, while it significantly increased in the control group (P = 0.004) compared to pre-test levels.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that high-intensity interval training can effectively decrease blood rheology and factors such as fibrinogen and plasma viscosity, with the 45-second HIIT being more efficient. Therefore, incorporating this training into Physical Activity Programs could be beneficial for inactive men.
1. Beris AN, Horner JS, Jariwala S, Armstrong MJ, Wagner NJ. Recent advances in blood rheology: A review. Soft Matter.
2021;17(47):10591-613. eng. [PubMed ID:34787149]. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01212f.
2. Sloop GD, De Mast Q, Pop G, Weidman JJ, St Cyr JA. The Role of Blood Viscosity in Infectious Diseases. Cureus. 2020;12(2):e7090.eng. [PubMed ID:32226691]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC7096068]. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7090.
3. Lowe G, Barbenel J. Plasma and blood viscosity. Clinical blood rheology: CRC Press; 2019. p. 11-44.
4. Naghedi-Baghdar H, Nazari SM, Taghipour A, Nematy M, Shokri S, Mehri MR, et al. Effect of diet on blood viscosity in healthy humans: a systematic review. Electron Physician. 2018;10(3):6563-70. eng. [PubMed ID:29765583]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC5942579]. https://doi.org/10.19082/6563.
5. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Behzad Khameslo M, Tayebi SM. Effect of pyramidal training on plasma lipid profile and fibrinogen, and blood viscosity of untrained young men. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2013;1(3):47-56.
6. Eslami R, Heidary D, Mehdipour A, Heidari S. [The Effects of Acute Exercise and Exercise training onPlasma fibrinogen levels in healthy individuals: a Meta-analysis]. Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2021;18(2):127-41. Persian.
7. El-Sayed MS, Ali N, El-Sayed Ali Z. Haemorheology in exercise and training. Sports Med. 2005;35(8):649-70. eng. [PubMed ID:16076228]. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535080-00001.
8. el-Sayed MS, Davies B. A physical conditioning program does not alter fibrinogen concentration in young healthy subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(4):485-9. eng. [PubMed ID:7791577].
9. Wood SC, Doyle MP, Appenzeller O. Effects of endurance training and long distance running on blood viscosity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(11):1265-9. eng. [PubMed ID:1766342].
10. Neuhaus D, Gaehtgens P. Haemorrheology and long term exercise. Sports Med. 1994;18(1):10-21. eng. [PubMed ID:7939036]. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199418010-00003.
11. Astorino TA, Allen RP, Roberson DW, Jurancich M. Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular function,
VO2max, and muscular force. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(1):138- 45. eng. [PubMed ID:22201691]. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318218dd77.
12. Niazi S, Tayebi SM, Costa PB, Mirdar S, Hamidian G. Effects of six weeks of high-intensity interval training on HIF-1α protein expression in lung tissues and apoptosis of pulmonary system in male Wistar rats. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2023;11(1):0-.13. 13.Gibala MJ, McGee SL. Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2008;36(2):58-63. eng. [PubMed ID:18362686]. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e318168ec1f.
14. Candrawati S, Huriyati E, Sofro ZM, Rujito L, Hidayah C, Hayuningtyas DA, et al. The effect of UCP2 45bp insersi/delesi genetic variation on the body composition of woman with obesity in continuous training and high-intensity interval training: A randomized controlled trial study. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2022;10(2):0-.
15. Wisløff U, Støylen A, Loennechen JP, Bruvold M, Rognmo Ø, Haram PM, et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation. 2007;115(24):3086-94.
16. Tjønna AE, Stølen TO, Bye A, Volden M, Slørdahl SA, Odegård R, et al. Aerobic interval training reduces cardiovascular risk factors more than a multitreatment approach in overweight adolescents. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009;116(4):317-26. eng. [PubMed ID:18673303]. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs20080249.
17. Hwang CL, Wu YT, Chou CH. Effect of aerobic interval training on exercise capacity and metabolic risk factors in people with cardiometabolic disorders: a meta-analysis. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2011;31(6):378-85. eng. [PubMed ID:21946419]. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0b013e31822f16cb.
18. Banz WJ, Maher MA, Thompson WG, Bassett DR, Moore W, Ashraf M, et al. Effects of resistance versus aerobic training on coronary artery disease risk factors. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003;228(4):434-40. eng. [PubMed ID:12671188]. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020322800414.
19. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Tayebi SM. Effects of a low intensity circuit resistance exercise session on some hematological parameters of male collage students. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2013;1(1):6-11.
20. Ghanbari–Niaki A, Saeidi A, Aliakbari-Beydokhti M, Ardeshiri S, Kolahdouzi S, Chaichi MJ, et al. Effects of circuit resistance training with crocus sativus (saffron) supplementation on
plasma viscosity and fibrinogen. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2015;3(2):1-10.
21. Ahmadizad S, El-Sayed MS. The acute effects of resistance exercise on the main determinants of blood rheology. J Sports Sci. 2005;23(3):243-9. eng. [PubMed ID:15966342]. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410410001730151.
22. Stutts WC. Physical activity determinants in adults. Perceived benefits, barriers, and self efficacy. Aaohn j. 2002;50(11):499-507.eng. [PubMed ID:12465206].
23. Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Brown W. Correlates of adults’ participation in physical activity: review and update. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(12):1996-2001. eng. [PubMed ID:12471307].https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200212000-00020.
24. Kimm SY, Glynn NW, McMahon RP, Voorhees CC, Striegel-Moore RH, Daniels SR. Self-perceived barriers to activity participation among sedentary adolescent girls. Med Sci Sports Exerc.
2006;38(3):534-40. eng. [PubMed ID:16540842]. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000189316.71784.dc.
25. Bartlett JD, Close GL, MacLaren DP, Gregson W, Drust B, Morton JP. High-intensity interval running is perceived to be more enjoyable than moderate-intensity continuous exercise: implications for exercise adherence. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(6):547-53. eng. [PubMed ID:21360405]. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.545427.
26. Li F, Kong Z, Zhu X, Chow BC, Zhang D, Liang W, et al. High-intensity interval training elicits more enjoyment and positive affective valence than moderate-intensity training over a 12-week intervention in overweight young women. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2022;20(3):249-55. eng. [PubMed ID:35646131]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC9120050]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2022.05.001.
27. Babraj JA, Vollaard NBJ, Keast C, Guppy FM, Cottrell G, Timmons JA. Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males. BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2009;9(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6823-9-3.
28. Tayebi SM, Siahkouhian M, Keshavarz M, Yousefi M. The effects of high-intensity interval training on skeletal muscle morphological changes and denervation gene expression of aged rats. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2019;8(2):39-45.
29. Burgomaster KA, Hughes SC, Heigenhauser GJ, Bradwell SN, Gibala MJ. Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;98(6):1985-90. eng. [PubMed ID:15705728]. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01095.2004.
30. Yalcin O, Erman A, Muratli S, Bor-Kucukatay M, Baskurt OK. Time course of hemorheological alterations after heavy anaerobic exercise in untrained human subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;94(3):997-1002. eng. [PubMed ID:12391137]. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00368.2002.
31. Kilic-Toprak E, Ardic F, Erken G, Unver-Kocak F, Kucukatay V, BorKucukatay M. Hemorheological responses to progressive resistance exercise training in healthy young males. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2012;18(6):CR351.
32. Smith JE. Effects of strenuous exercise on haemostasis. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(5):433-5. eng. [PubMed ID:14514536]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC1751362]. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.5.433.
33. Smith JE, Garbutt G, Lopes P, Tunstall Pedoe D. Effects of prolonged strenuous exercise (marathon running) on biochemical and haematological markers used in the investigation of patients in the emergency department. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(3):292-4. eng. [PubMed ID:15155430]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC1724837]. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.002873.
34. Kazemi A, Rahmati M, Dabaghzadeh R, Raisi S, Aghamolaie S. [The effect of high volume high intensity interval training on serum visfatin and vaspin, insulin resistance, lipid profile and body composition of overweight men]. J Appl Health Stu Sport Physiol. 2015;9(2):137-23. Persian. https://doi.org/10.22049/jahssp.2022.27922.1487.
35. Hejazi SM, Rashidlamir A, Jebelli A, Nornematolahi S, Ghazavi SM, Soltani M. The effects of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on levels of homocysteine, HS-CRP serum and plasma fibrinogen in type II diabetic women. Life Sci J. 2013;10(1S):430-5.
36. Ernst E, Daburger L, Saradeth T. The kinetics of blood rheology during and after prolonged standardized exercise. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation. 1991;11(5):429-39.
37. Tsai AG, Cabrales P, Intaglietta M. Blood viscosity: a factor in tissue survival? Crit Care Med. 2005;33(7):1662-3. eng. [PubMed ID:16003089]. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000170177.64555.db.
38. Jayalalitha G, Shanthoshini Deviha V, Uthayakumar R. Fractal model for blood flow in cardiovascular system. Comput Biol Med. 2008;38(6):684-93. eng. [PubMed ID:18471808]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2008.03.002.
39. Connes P, Simmonds MJ, Brun JF, Baskurt OK. Exercise hemorheology: classical data, recent findings and unresolved issues. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2013;53(1-2):187-99. eng. [PubMed ID:23042105]. https://doi.org/10.3233/ch-2012-1643.
2021;17(47):10591-613. eng. [PubMed ID:34787149]. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01212f.
2. Sloop GD, De Mast Q, Pop G, Weidman JJ, St Cyr JA. The Role of Blood Viscosity in Infectious Diseases. Cureus. 2020;12(2):e7090.eng. [PubMed ID:32226691]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC7096068]. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7090.
3. Lowe G, Barbenel J. Plasma and blood viscosity. Clinical blood rheology: CRC Press; 2019. p. 11-44.
4. Naghedi-Baghdar H, Nazari SM, Taghipour A, Nematy M, Shokri S, Mehri MR, et al. Effect of diet on blood viscosity in healthy humans: a systematic review. Electron Physician. 2018;10(3):6563-70. eng. [PubMed ID:29765583]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC5942579]. https://doi.org/10.19082/6563.
5. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Behzad Khameslo M, Tayebi SM. Effect of pyramidal training on plasma lipid profile and fibrinogen, and blood viscosity of untrained young men. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2013;1(3):47-56.
6. Eslami R, Heidary D, Mehdipour A, Heidari S. [The Effects of Acute Exercise and Exercise training onPlasma fibrinogen levels in healthy individuals: a Meta-analysis]. Sci J Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2021;18(2):127-41. Persian.
7. El-Sayed MS, Ali N, El-Sayed Ali Z. Haemorheology in exercise and training. Sports Med. 2005;35(8):649-70. eng. [PubMed ID:16076228]. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535080-00001.
8. el-Sayed MS, Davies B. A physical conditioning program does not alter fibrinogen concentration in young healthy subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(4):485-9. eng. [PubMed ID:7791577].
9. Wood SC, Doyle MP, Appenzeller O. Effects of endurance training and long distance running on blood viscosity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(11):1265-9. eng. [PubMed ID:1766342].
10. Neuhaus D, Gaehtgens P. Haemorrheology and long term exercise. Sports Med. 1994;18(1):10-21. eng. [PubMed ID:7939036]. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199418010-00003.
11. Astorino TA, Allen RP, Roberson DW, Jurancich M. Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular function,
VO2max, and muscular force. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(1):138- 45. eng. [PubMed ID:22201691]. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318218dd77.
12. Niazi S, Tayebi SM, Costa PB, Mirdar S, Hamidian G. Effects of six weeks of high-intensity interval training on HIF-1α protein expression in lung tissues and apoptosis of pulmonary system in male Wistar rats. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2023;11(1):0-.13. 13.Gibala MJ, McGee SL. Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2008;36(2):58-63. eng. [PubMed ID:18362686]. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e318168ec1f.
14. Candrawati S, Huriyati E, Sofro ZM, Rujito L, Hidayah C, Hayuningtyas DA, et al. The effect of UCP2 45bp insersi/delesi genetic variation on the body composition of woman with obesity in continuous training and high-intensity interval training: A randomized controlled trial study. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2022;10(2):0-.
15. Wisløff U, Støylen A, Loennechen JP, Bruvold M, Rognmo Ø, Haram PM, et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation. 2007;115(24):3086-94.
16. Tjønna AE, Stølen TO, Bye A, Volden M, Slørdahl SA, Odegård R, et al. Aerobic interval training reduces cardiovascular risk factors more than a multitreatment approach in overweight adolescents. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009;116(4):317-26. eng. [PubMed ID:18673303]. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs20080249.
17. Hwang CL, Wu YT, Chou CH. Effect of aerobic interval training on exercise capacity and metabolic risk factors in people with cardiometabolic disorders: a meta-analysis. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2011;31(6):378-85. eng. [PubMed ID:21946419]. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0b013e31822f16cb.
18. Banz WJ, Maher MA, Thompson WG, Bassett DR, Moore W, Ashraf M, et al. Effects of resistance versus aerobic training on coronary artery disease risk factors. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003;228(4):434-40. eng. [PubMed ID:12671188]. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020322800414.
19. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Tayebi SM. Effects of a low intensity circuit resistance exercise session on some hematological parameters of male collage students. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2013;1(1):6-11.
20. Ghanbari–Niaki A, Saeidi A, Aliakbari-Beydokhti M, Ardeshiri S, Kolahdouzi S, Chaichi MJ, et al. Effects of circuit resistance training with crocus sativus (saffron) supplementation on
plasma viscosity and fibrinogen. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2015;3(2):1-10.
21. Ahmadizad S, El-Sayed MS. The acute effects of resistance exercise on the main determinants of blood rheology. J Sports Sci. 2005;23(3):243-9. eng. [PubMed ID:15966342]. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410410001730151.
22. Stutts WC. Physical activity determinants in adults. Perceived benefits, barriers, and self efficacy. Aaohn j. 2002;50(11):499-507.eng. [PubMed ID:12465206].
23. Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Brown W. Correlates of adults’ participation in physical activity: review and update. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(12):1996-2001. eng. [PubMed ID:12471307].https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200212000-00020.
24. Kimm SY, Glynn NW, McMahon RP, Voorhees CC, Striegel-Moore RH, Daniels SR. Self-perceived barriers to activity participation among sedentary adolescent girls. Med Sci Sports Exerc.
2006;38(3):534-40. eng. [PubMed ID:16540842]. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000189316.71784.dc.
25. Bartlett JD, Close GL, MacLaren DP, Gregson W, Drust B, Morton JP. High-intensity interval running is perceived to be more enjoyable than moderate-intensity continuous exercise: implications for exercise adherence. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(6):547-53. eng. [PubMed ID:21360405]. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.545427.
26. Li F, Kong Z, Zhu X, Chow BC, Zhang D, Liang W, et al. High-intensity interval training elicits more enjoyment and positive affective valence than moderate-intensity training over a 12-week intervention in overweight young women. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2022;20(3):249-55. eng. [PubMed ID:35646131]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC9120050]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2022.05.001.
27. Babraj JA, Vollaard NBJ, Keast C, Guppy FM, Cottrell G, Timmons JA. Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males. BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2009;9(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6823-9-3.
28. Tayebi SM, Siahkouhian M, Keshavarz M, Yousefi M. The effects of high-intensity interval training on skeletal muscle morphological changes and denervation gene expression of aged rats. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2019;8(2):39-45.
29. Burgomaster KA, Hughes SC, Heigenhauser GJ, Bradwell SN, Gibala MJ. Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;98(6):1985-90. eng. [PubMed ID:15705728]. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01095.2004.
30. Yalcin O, Erman A, Muratli S, Bor-Kucukatay M, Baskurt OK. Time course of hemorheological alterations after heavy anaerobic exercise in untrained human subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;94(3):997-1002. eng. [PubMed ID:12391137]. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00368.2002.
31. Kilic-Toprak E, Ardic F, Erken G, Unver-Kocak F, Kucukatay V, BorKucukatay M. Hemorheological responses to progressive resistance exercise training in healthy young males. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2012;18(6):CR351.
32. Smith JE. Effects of strenuous exercise on haemostasis. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(5):433-5. eng. [PubMed ID:14514536]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC1751362]. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.5.433.
33. Smith JE, Garbutt G, Lopes P, Tunstall Pedoe D. Effects of prolonged strenuous exercise (marathon running) on biochemical and haematological markers used in the investigation of patients in the emergency department. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(3):292-4. eng. [PubMed ID:15155430]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC1724837]. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.002873.
34. Kazemi A, Rahmati M, Dabaghzadeh R, Raisi S, Aghamolaie S. [The effect of high volume high intensity interval training on serum visfatin and vaspin, insulin resistance, lipid profile and body composition of overweight men]. J Appl Health Stu Sport Physiol. 2015;9(2):137-23. Persian. https://doi.org/10.22049/jahssp.2022.27922.1487.
35. Hejazi SM, Rashidlamir A, Jebelli A, Nornematolahi S, Ghazavi SM, Soltani M. The effects of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on levels of homocysteine, HS-CRP serum and plasma fibrinogen in type II diabetic women. Life Sci J. 2013;10(1S):430-5.
36. Ernst E, Daburger L, Saradeth T. The kinetics of blood rheology during and after prolonged standardized exercise. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation. 1991;11(5):429-39.
37. Tsai AG, Cabrales P, Intaglietta M. Blood viscosity: a factor in tissue survival? Crit Care Med. 2005;33(7):1662-3. eng. [PubMed ID:16003089]. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000170177.64555.db.
38. Jayalalitha G, Shanthoshini Deviha V, Uthayakumar R. Fractal model for blood flow in cardiovascular system. Comput Biol Med. 2008;38(6):684-93. eng. [PubMed ID:18471808]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2008.03.002.
39. Connes P, Simmonds MJ, Brun JF, Baskurt OK. Exercise hemorheology: classical data, recent findings and unresolved issues. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2013;53(1-2):187-99. eng. [PubMed ID:23042105]. https://doi.org/10.3233/ch-2012-1643.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| high intensity interval training fibrinogen viscosity Hemorheology Blood Rheology | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Tayebi SM, Mirzaei M, Ghanbari Niaki A, Haghshenas Gatabi R. The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training with Different Duration on Fibrinogen and Plasma Viscosity in Sedentary Male College Students. Health Tech Ass Act. 2024;8(4).
