Relationship Between Health Indicators and Educational Indicators in Iran’s Provinces
,
Abstract
Background: Currently, health indicators are considered an important factor in the development of countries and can be effective in raising the level of developmental indicators.
Objectives: In this regard, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between the effect of health indicators on the developmental indices of the provinces of Iran.
Methods: The current study of an applied type was descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective. The data were prepared through forms designed based on experts’ opinions and classified information in statistical yearbooks for the provinces of the country during 2016 - 2020. Data analysis was carried out using Stata 17 software. Moreover, panel data was used to estimate the model, and the Xtpcse test was used to obtain the results of the hypotheses.
Results: The results of the model estimation show the positive and meaningful impact of health indicators on educational indicators such as the ratio of students to teachers, the ratio of students to staff and management, the ratio of higher education students to the population of the provinces and the distribution of students in the province.
Conclusions: The country’s authorities can improve and develop health by identifying and optimizing the use of effective indicators in the field of Health and education indicators such as increasing the number of medical and health students and developing educational programs in the field of Health and health and informing the community about these programs, as well as encouraging higher education in low-income areas.
1. Zarei Y. [Studying the state of distribution of healthcare services in the city North Khorasan province]. Sci Q Soc-Cult Stud Khorasan. 2018;12(2):25-54. Persian.
2. Zarrabi A, Shaykh Baygloo R. [Classification of Provinces of Iran by Health Indicators]. Social Welfare. 2011;11(42):107-28. Persian.
3. Naidoo J, Wills J. Health Promotion: Foundations for Practice. Baillière Tindall; 2000.
4. Joanne K. Community Health Promotion: Challenges for Practice. Bailliere Tindall; 2000. p. 328.
5. Bani Fateme H, Abbaszadeh M, Chaichi Tabrizi N. [Social health assessment of Islamic Azad university of Tabriz students and its factors]. Sociol stud. 2011;4(11):37-50. Persian.
6. Park JE. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine: A Treatise on Community Health. Banarsidas Bhanot; 1970.
7. Khanzadi A, Fattahi S, Moradi S. [Analyzing the Effects of Health Expenditures on Human Development in Iran]. J Econ Model. 2016;7(25):129-49. Persian.
8. Phillips J. The conceptual development of a geocybernetic relationship between sustainable development and Environmental Impact Assessment. Appl Geogr. 2011;31(3):969-79. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.01.015.
9. Morgan K, Nauwelaers C. Regional innovation strategies: The challenge for less favoured regions. Psychology Press; 1999.
10. Abdillah KK, Abdul Manaf A, Awang AH. Land tenure security for low-income residents’ urban livelihoods: A human development approach review of temporary occupation license. Land Use Policy. 2022;119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106223.
11. Annaka S, Higashijima M. Political liberalization and human development: Dynamic effects of political regime change on infantmortality across three centuries (1800-2015). World Dev. 2021;147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105614.
12. Larsson A, Elldér E, Vafeiadis E, Curtis C, Steiner A. Exploring the potential for sustainable accessibility across settlement types. A Swedish case. Transp Res D Transp Environ. 2022;107. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103297.
13. Crane C, Malloy M. The development of temporal-spatial meaning in personal recounts of beginning L2 writers of German. System. 2021;99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102498.
14. Sarlak A. [Investigation on the Effect of Health Indexes on Economic Growth of Countries’ Provinces]. J Healthc Manag. 2015;6(1). Persian.
15. Sadeghifar J, Seyedin H, Anjomshoa M, Vasokolaei GR, Mousavi SM, Armoun B. [Degree of the development of Bushehr province towns in health indicators using numerical taxonomy]. Razi J Med Sci. 2014;21(118):81-91. Persian.
16. Fang P, Dong S, Xiao J, Liu C, Feng X, Wang Y. Regional inequality in health and its determinants: evidence from China. Health Policy. 2010;94(1):14-25. [PubMed ID:19735959]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. healthpol.2009.08.002.
17. Hodder R. Development geography. London: Routledge; 2000. p. 208.
18. Sheikhi D, Rezvani MR, Mahdavi M. [Measurement and Analysis of Health Level in Rural Areas According to Healthy Village Approach: A Case Study of Khondab County, Markazi Province]. J Village Dev. 2013;15(2):109-38. Persian.
19. Zandiyan H, Ghiasvand H, Nasimidosst R. [Measurement of inequality in Ardebils health system resource distribution with lorenz curve and gini coefficients: 2001-2008]. Ardebil Univ Med Sci. 2010;In Press(In Press). Persain.
20. Pourrashno F, Mohamad S, Pourzamani H. [A Comparative Study on the Degree of Development of the Health and Health Service Sector in Iranian Provinces in 2008]. Health Syst Res. 2013;8(7):1322-30. Persian.
21. Volgger M, Mainil T, Pechlaner H, Mitas O. Health region development from the perspective of system theory - an empirical cross-regional case study. Soc Sci Med. 2015;124:321-30. [PubMed ID:24923839]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.004.
22. Well DN. Accounting for the Effect Of Health on Economic Growth. Q J Econ. 2007;122(3):1265-306. https://doi.org/10.1162/ qjec.122.3.1265.
23. Beraldo S, Montolio D, Turati G. Healthy, educated and wealthy: A primer on the impact of public and private welfare expenditures on economic growth. J Soc Econ. 2009;38(6):946-56. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.06.013.
24. Purohit BC. Budgetary Expenditure on Health and Human Development in India. Int J Popul Res. 2012;2012:1-13. https://doi. org/10.1155/2012/914808.
25. Zajacova A, Lawrence EM. The Relationship Between Education and Health: Reducing Disparities Through a Contextual Approach. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018;39:273-89. [PubMed ID:29328865]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC5880718]. https://doi. org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044628.
26. Amin V, Behrman JR, Kohler HP. Schooling has smaller or insignificant effects on adult health in the US than suggested by cross-sectional associations: new estimates using relatively large samples of identical twins. Soc Sci Med. 2015;127:181-9. [PubMed ID:25110343]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC4414244]. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.065.
27. Savelyev PA, Ward BC, Krueger RF, McGue M. Health endowments, schooling allocation in the family, and longevity: Evidence from US twins. J Health Econ. 2022;81:102554. [PubMed ID:34847444]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102554.
28. Statistical Center of Iran. Iran Statistical Yearbook: Education 2015. Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/1/yearbook/ 1394/17.pdf.
29. Kmenta J. Elements of Econometrics. Macmillan; 1971.
30. Greene WH. Econometric Analysis. 7th, editor. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2018.
31. Judge GG, Griffiths WE, Hill RC, Lütkepohl H, Lee T-C. The theory and practice of econometrics. John wiley & sons; 1991. p. 1056.
32. Davidson R, Mackinnon J. Estimation and Inference in Econometrics. Oxford University Press; 1993.
33. Beck N, Katz JN. What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data. Am Pol Sci Rev. 2012;89(3):634-47. https://doi. org/10.2307/2082979.
34. United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone. UN Plaza, New York; 2016 Contract No.: Document Number|.
35. Basakha M, Kermani SM, Yavari K. [The Effectiveness of Government expenditures on Human Development Indicators Case study: Organization of Islamic Countries]. J Health Adm. 2011;14(45):11-6. Persian.
36. Fattahi S, Soheili K, Reshadat S, Karimi P. [The relationship between human capital of health sector and economic growth in OPEC countries]. J Healthc Manag. 2013;3:37-51. Persian.
2. Zarrabi A, Shaykh Baygloo R. [Classification of Provinces of Iran by Health Indicators]. Social Welfare. 2011;11(42):107-28. Persian.
3. Naidoo J, Wills J. Health Promotion: Foundations for Practice. Baillière Tindall; 2000.
4. Joanne K. Community Health Promotion: Challenges for Practice. Bailliere Tindall; 2000. p. 328.
5. Bani Fateme H, Abbaszadeh M, Chaichi Tabrizi N. [Social health assessment of Islamic Azad university of Tabriz students and its factors]. Sociol stud. 2011;4(11):37-50. Persian.
6. Park JE. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine: A Treatise on Community Health. Banarsidas Bhanot; 1970.
7. Khanzadi A, Fattahi S, Moradi S. [Analyzing the Effects of Health Expenditures on Human Development in Iran]. J Econ Model. 2016;7(25):129-49. Persian.
8. Phillips J. The conceptual development of a geocybernetic relationship between sustainable development and Environmental Impact Assessment. Appl Geogr. 2011;31(3):969-79. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.01.015.
9. Morgan K, Nauwelaers C. Regional innovation strategies: The challenge for less favoured regions. Psychology Press; 1999.
10. Abdillah KK, Abdul Manaf A, Awang AH. Land tenure security for low-income residents’ urban livelihoods: A human development approach review of temporary occupation license. Land Use Policy. 2022;119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106223.
11. Annaka S, Higashijima M. Political liberalization and human development: Dynamic effects of political regime change on infantmortality across three centuries (1800-2015). World Dev. 2021;147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105614.
12. Larsson A, Elldér E, Vafeiadis E, Curtis C, Steiner A. Exploring the potential for sustainable accessibility across settlement types. A Swedish case. Transp Res D Transp Environ. 2022;107. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103297.
13. Crane C, Malloy M. The development of temporal-spatial meaning in personal recounts of beginning L2 writers of German. System. 2021;99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102498.
14. Sarlak A. [Investigation on the Effect of Health Indexes on Economic Growth of Countries’ Provinces]. J Healthc Manag. 2015;6(1). Persian.
15. Sadeghifar J, Seyedin H, Anjomshoa M, Vasokolaei GR, Mousavi SM, Armoun B. [Degree of the development of Bushehr province towns in health indicators using numerical taxonomy]. Razi J Med Sci. 2014;21(118):81-91. Persian.
16. Fang P, Dong S, Xiao J, Liu C, Feng X, Wang Y. Regional inequality in health and its determinants: evidence from China. Health Policy. 2010;94(1):14-25. [PubMed ID:19735959]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. healthpol.2009.08.002.
17. Hodder R. Development geography. London: Routledge; 2000. p. 208.
18. Sheikhi D, Rezvani MR, Mahdavi M. [Measurement and Analysis of Health Level in Rural Areas According to Healthy Village Approach: A Case Study of Khondab County, Markazi Province]. J Village Dev. 2013;15(2):109-38. Persian.
19. Zandiyan H, Ghiasvand H, Nasimidosst R. [Measurement of inequality in Ardebils health system resource distribution with lorenz curve and gini coefficients: 2001-2008]. Ardebil Univ Med Sci. 2010;In Press(In Press). Persain.
20. Pourrashno F, Mohamad S, Pourzamani H. [A Comparative Study on the Degree of Development of the Health and Health Service Sector in Iranian Provinces in 2008]. Health Syst Res. 2013;8(7):1322-30. Persian.
21. Volgger M, Mainil T, Pechlaner H, Mitas O. Health region development from the perspective of system theory - an empirical cross-regional case study. Soc Sci Med. 2015;124:321-30. [PubMed ID:24923839]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.004.
22. Well DN. Accounting for the Effect Of Health on Economic Growth. Q J Econ. 2007;122(3):1265-306. https://doi.org/10.1162/ qjec.122.3.1265.
23. Beraldo S, Montolio D, Turati G. Healthy, educated and wealthy: A primer on the impact of public and private welfare expenditures on economic growth. J Soc Econ. 2009;38(6):946-56. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.06.013.
24. Purohit BC. Budgetary Expenditure on Health and Human Development in India. Int J Popul Res. 2012;2012:1-13. https://doi. org/10.1155/2012/914808.
25. Zajacova A, Lawrence EM. The Relationship Between Education and Health: Reducing Disparities Through a Contextual Approach. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018;39:273-89. [PubMed ID:29328865]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC5880718]. https://doi. org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044628.
26. Amin V, Behrman JR, Kohler HP. Schooling has smaller or insignificant effects on adult health in the US than suggested by cross-sectional associations: new estimates using relatively large samples of identical twins. Soc Sci Med. 2015;127:181-9. [PubMed ID:25110343]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC4414244]. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.065.
27. Savelyev PA, Ward BC, Krueger RF, McGue M. Health endowments, schooling allocation in the family, and longevity: Evidence from US twins. J Health Econ. 2022;81:102554. [PubMed ID:34847444]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102554.
28. Statistical Center of Iran. Iran Statistical Yearbook: Education 2015. Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/1/yearbook/ 1394/17.pdf.
29. Kmenta J. Elements of Econometrics. Macmillan; 1971.
30. Greene WH. Econometric Analysis. 7th, editor. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2018.
31. Judge GG, Griffiths WE, Hill RC, Lütkepohl H, Lee T-C. The theory and practice of econometrics. John wiley & sons; 1991. p. 1056.
32. Davidson R, Mackinnon J. Estimation and Inference in Econometrics. Oxford University Press; 1993.
33. Beck N, Katz JN. What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data. Am Pol Sci Rev. 2012;89(3):634-47. https://doi. org/10.2307/2082979.
34. United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone. UN Plaza, New York; 2016 Contract No.: Document Number|.
35. Basakha M, Kermani SM, Yavari K. [The Effectiveness of Government expenditures on Human Development Indicators Case study: Organization of Islamic Countries]. J Health Adm. 2011;14(45):11-6. Persian.
36. Fattahi S, Soheili K, Reshadat S, Karimi P. [The relationship between human capital of health sector and economic growth in OPEC countries]. J Healthc Manag. 2013;3:37-51. Persian.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/htaa.v8i1.15030 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Health Indicators Educational Indicators Data Panel Model | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Farzad M, Zayandeh Roody M, Jalaei Esfandabadi SA. Relationship Between Health Indicators and Educational Indicators in Iran’s Provinces. Health Tech Ass Act. 2024;8(1).
