The Effect of Corrective Exercise on Pain Referred to The Jaw Joint (TMJ) in Elderly Women With Upper Crossed Syndrome
,
Abstract
Background: Upper crossed syndrome is a muscular imbalance disorder associated with various referred pains, especially jaw discomfort. Complications like temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis may link to forward head posture and mechanical head pains resulting from this syndrome.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the impact of corrective exercise on pain of TMJ in elderly women with upper cross syndrome.
Methods: A total of 30 elderly women with upper crossed syndrome were enrolled at the Kahrizak Elderly Care Center and randomly assigned to either a corrective exercise group or a control group. The experiment group underwent an eight-week training program. Pain levels and neck range of motion were assessed using a pain ruler and goniometer, respectively. In order to measure neck extension, the mean difference and effect size were determined using paired t-test and Cohen’s d, respectively. Referred pain ratings were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, with effect size calculations, to further understand the intervention’s effect on pain perception.
Results: Both groups demonstrated significant changes in referred pain perceptions (P = 0.0441) post-intervention. However, regarding neck extension, neither the control nor the experiment group exhibited statistically significant alterations in neck extension (P = 0.4309).
Conclusions: These findings indicate that corrective exercises have a positive effect on alleviating referred pain in the jaw joint caused by muscle imbalance. Given the merits of corrective exercises as a non-pharmacological intervention, they are recommended as an effective approach for improving referred pain in the jaw.
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13. Mortazavi MH, Latifian MB. A Review in Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome and its Prominence in Military Personnel. J Army Univ Med Sci IR Iran. 2009;15;7(2):137-42
14. Zuim PRJ, Garcia AR, Turcio KHL, Hamata MM. Evaluation of microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation (MENS) effectiveness on muscle pain in temporomandibular disorders patients. J App Oral Sci. 2006;14(1):61-6.
15. Kato MT, Kogawa EM, Santos CN, Conti PCR. TENS and low-level laser therapy in the management of temporomandibular disorders. J App Oral Sci. 2006;14(2):130-5.
16. Mortazavi S, 2009. Ergonomic and Prevention from Disability in Students, “Ta’lim Va Tarbiyat Estesnaei” journal, Issue 53-66, 99.
17. Katzung BG. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 10th ed. Lange: McGraw-Hill; 2006. p. 658-62.
18. Emshoff R, Rudisch A: Validity of clinical diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 91:50-5.
19. Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, Chiang LM. Adverse reactions to chiropractic treatment and their effects on satisfaction and clinical outcomes among patients enrolled in the UCLA Neck Pain Study. JManipulative Physiol Ther 2004; 27(1): 16-25.
20. Orsini MG, Kuboki T, Terada S, Matsuka Y, Yatani H, Yamashita A: Clinical predictability of temporomandibular joint disk displacement. J Dent Res 1999;78: 620-660.
21. Lynch, S. Thighpen, C.A. Mihalik, J.P. Prentice, W.E. Padua, D. (2010). "The effects of an exercise intervention forward head and rounded shoulder posture in elite swimmers". J Sport Med,44; PP:376-381.
22. Olivero WC, Dulebohn SC. Results of halter cervical traction for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy: retrospective review of 81 patients. Neurosurg Focus 2002; 12(2): ECP1.
23. Frank C, Page P, Lardner R. Assessment and treatment of muscle imbalance: The Janda approach. 1st edition. Champaign, IL: Hu-man kinetics; 2009.
24. Taheri, H., R. Mahdavinejad, S. BagherianDehkordi, Z. Omidali, 2010. Comparison of forward head in persons with chronic neck pain and healthy persons, Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 7(2): 168-162.
25. Tiefel.K, The Efficacy of Treatment for Upper Crossed Syndrome and the Involvement of Chiropractic2012. Booklet, 1-15.
26. Veqar Z, Kumar D. Role of a sensor motor and a cervical stabilization exercise program in the correction of forward head posture in male visual display unit operators. Gait & Posture. 2005; 21: S 135.
27. Mahdavinejad R. [The prevalence of spinal column deformities of Isfahan University male students and the effect of a specific corrective exercise program on their most prevalent postural deformities. (An interuniversity research). Isfahan: University of Isfahan Pub. 2000.
28. Abdollahzade Z, Shadmehr A, Malmir K, Ghotbi N. Effects of 4-week postural corrective exercise on correcting forward head posture. J Mod Rehabil. 2017; 11(2):85-92.
29. Gupta BD, Aggarwal S, Gupta B, Gupta M, Gupta N. Effect of deep cer-vical flexor training vs. conventional isometric training on forward head posture, pain, neck disability index in dentists suffering from chronic neck pain. J Clin Diagn Res (JCDR). 2013; 7(10):2261-4. [DOI:10.7860/ JCDR/2013/6072.3487] [PMID] [PMCID]
30. Shenoy S, Sodhi J, Sandhu JS. Effectiveness of strengthening exercises in the management of forward head posture among computer profes-sionals. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther. 2010; 4(3):37-41.
31. Nobari M, Arslan SA, Hadian MR, Ganji B. Effect of corrective exercises on cervicogenic headache in office workers with forward head posture. J Mod Rehabil. 2017; 11(4):201-8.
32. Mansourian, A., and Pourshahidi, S., and Sadrzadeh Afshar, M. (2015). A review of treatments for facial muscle pain disorder syndrome. Dental Journal (Tehran University of Medical Sciences), 29(4), 288-301. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=478227
33. Nikander R, Malkia E, Parkkari J, Heinonen A, Starck H, Ylinen J. Dose response relationship of specific training to reduce chronic neck pain and disability. Med Sci Sports Exercise 2006; 38(12): 2068-74.
34. Nelson CF, Bronfort G, Evans R, Broline P, Goldsmith C, Anderson AV. The efficacy of spinal manipulation, amitriptyline and the combination of both therapies for the prophylaxis of migraine headache. J Manipulative Physio Ther 1998;21: 511-9.
35. Okeson JP: Management of temporomandibular disorder and occlusion. 4th Ed. St. Louis: The CV Mosby Co. 1998; Chaps8,9,11:191-234, 245, 273, 321-34.
36. Carlsson GF, Magunsson T: Management of temporomandibular disorder in the general dental practice. 1st Ed. Chicago, Quintessence Publishing Co. 1999; Chaps1,2,3,7,8:9-10, 14, 16, 19-23, 51, 55, 51-61.
2. Dalai, M., Golrokh Amin, M., & Mahmoudian, S. (n.d.). Statistical study of DMF and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in Tehran city. Doctor of Dentistry Thesis, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
3. Saneyi A, Melki Z, Pariab P: Epidemiological investigation of temporomandibular joint status in selected age groups of Tehran province in 1995. Thesis of Doctor of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1996-1997.
4. Islamian L, Alizadeh Agha F: Studying the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders in students of Shahid Beheshti School of Dentistry in 1377. Journal of School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 1380; 19:31-25.
5. Solberg K, Woo MW, Houston JB: Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in young adults. J Am Dent Assoc 1979; 98:25-34.
6. Morrant D, Taylor GS: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder in patient referred for orthodontic assessment. Br J Orthod 1996; 23:261-5.
7. Peymani, A. (2009). Investigating the optimal dose of triamcinolone intra-articular injection in the treatment of temporomandibular joint arthritis in rats. Journal of Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry, 4(4), 192-198. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=93095.
8. Carlsson GF, Magunsson T: Management of temporomandibular disorder in the general dental practice. 1st Ed. Chicago, Quintessence Publishing Co. 1999; Chaps1,2,3,7,8:9-10, 14, 16, 19-23, 51, 55, 51-61.
9. Herzog R, Elgort DR, Flanders AE, Moley PJ. Variability in diagnostic error rates of 10 MRI centers performing lumbar spine MRI examinations on the same patient within a 3 -week period. The Spine Journal. 2017;17(4):554 -61. doi :10.1016 /j. spinee.2016.11.009.
10. Ghamkhar L, Kahlaee AH. Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case-control study. Braz J Phys Ther. 2019; 23(4):346-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.08.007] [PMID] [PMCID].
11. Hasan NMA, Abdelrahman TEF. MRI evaluation of TMJ internal de-rangement: degree of anterior disc displacement correlated with other TMJ soft tissue and osseous abnormalities. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med. 2014; 45(3):735-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2014.03.013].
12. Fonseca RJ. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Anesthesia, Dentoalveolar Surgery & Office Management, vol 1. 1st ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co; 2000. p. 3-15, 73-91, 363-5.
13. Mortazavi MH, Latifian MB. A Review in Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome and its Prominence in Military Personnel. J Army Univ Med Sci IR Iran. 2009;15;7(2):137-42
14. Zuim PRJ, Garcia AR, Turcio KHL, Hamata MM. Evaluation of microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation (MENS) effectiveness on muscle pain in temporomandibular disorders patients. J App Oral Sci. 2006;14(1):61-6.
15. Kato MT, Kogawa EM, Santos CN, Conti PCR. TENS and low-level laser therapy in the management of temporomandibular disorders. J App Oral Sci. 2006;14(2):130-5.
16. Mortazavi S, 2009. Ergonomic and Prevention from Disability in Students, “Ta’lim Va Tarbiyat Estesnaei” journal, Issue 53-66, 99.
17. Katzung BG. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 10th ed. Lange: McGraw-Hill; 2006. p. 658-62.
18. Emshoff R, Rudisch A: Validity of clinical diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 91:50-5.
19. Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, Chiang LM. Adverse reactions to chiropractic treatment and their effects on satisfaction and clinical outcomes among patients enrolled in the UCLA Neck Pain Study. JManipulative Physiol Ther 2004; 27(1): 16-25.
20. Orsini MG, Kuboki T, Terada S, Matsuka Y, Yatani H, Yamashita A: Clinical predictability of temporomandibular joint disk displacement. J Dent Res 1999;78: 620-660.
21. Lynch, S. Thighpen, C.A. Mihalik, J.P. Prentice, W.E. Padua, D. (2010). "The effects of an exercise intervention forward head and rounded shoulder posture in elite swimmers". J Sport Med,44; PP:376-381.
22. Olivero WC, Dulebohn SC. Results of halter cervical traction for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy: retrospective review of 81 patients. Neurosurg Focus 2002; 12(2): ECP1.
23. Frank C, Page P, Lardner R. Assessment and treatment of muscle imbalance: The Janda approach. 1st edition. Champaign, IL: Hu-man kinetics; 2009.
24. Taheri, H., R. Mahdavinejad, S. BagherianDehkordi, Z. Omidali, 2010. Comparison of forward head in persons with chronic neck pain and healthy persons, Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 7(2): 168-162.
25. Tiefel.K, The Efficacy of Treatment for Upper Crossed Syndrome and the Involvement of Chiropractic2012. Booklet, 1-15.
26. Veqar Z, Kumar D. Role of a sensor motor and a cervical stabilization exercise program in the correction of forward head posture in male visual display unit operators. Gait & Posture. 2005; 21: S 135.
27. Mahdavinejad R. [The prevalence of spinal column deformities of Isfahan University male students and the effect of a specific corrective exercise program on their most prevalent postural deformities. (An interuniversity research). Isfahan: University of Isfahan Pub. 2000.
28. Abdollahzade Z, Shadmehr A, Malmir K, Ghotbi N. Effects of 4-week postural corrective exercise on correcting forward head posture. J Mod Rehabil. 2017; 11(2):85-92.
29. Gupta BD, Aggarwal S, Gupta B, Gupta M, Gupta N. Effect of deep cer-vical flexor training vs. conventional isometric training on forward head posture, pain, neck disability index in dentists suffering from chronic neck pain. J Clin Diagn Res (JCDR). 2013; 7(10):2261-4. [DOI:10.7860/ JCDR/2013/6072.3487] [PMID] [PMCID]
30. Shenoy S, Sodhi J, Sandhu JS. Effectiveness of strengthening exercises in the management of forward head posture among computer profes-sionals. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther. 2010; 4(3):37-41.
31. Nobari M, Arslan SA, Hadian MR, Ganji B. Effect of corrective exercises on cervicogenic headache in office workers with forward head posture. J Mod Rehabil. 2017; 11(4):201-8.
32. Mansourian, A., and Pourshahidi, S., and Sadrzadeh Afshar, M. (2015). A review of treatments for facial muscle pain disorder syndrome. Dental Journal (Tehran University of Medical Sciences), 29(4), 288-301. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=478227
33. Nikander R, Malkia E, Parkkari J, Heinonen A, Starck H, Ylinen J. Dose response relationship of specific training to reduce chronic neck pain and disability. Med Sci Sports Exercise 2006; 38(12): 2068-74.
34. Nelson CF, Bronfort G, Evans R, Broline P, Goldsmith C, Anderson AV. The efficacy of spinal manipulation, amitriptyline and the combination of both therapies for the prophylaxis of migraine headache. J Manipulative Physio Ther 1998;21: 511-9.
35. Okeson JP: Management of temporomandibular disorder and occlusion. 4th Ed. St. Louis: The CV Mosby Co. 1998; Chaps8,9,11:191-234, 245, 273, 321-34.
36. Carlsson GF, Magunsson T: Management of temporomandibular disorder in the general dental practice. 1st Ed. Chicago, Quintessence Publishing Co. 1999; Chaps1,2,3,7,8:9-10, 14, 16, 19-23, 51, 55, 51-61.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7, No 3 (2023) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/htaa.v7i3.14210 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Corrective Movements Proximal Cross Syndrome Neck Range of Motion Referred Pain Temporomandibular Joint Corrective Exercise | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mansouri M, Sokhanguei Y, Sohaily S. The Effect of Corrective Exercise on Pain Referred to The Jaw Joint (TMJ) in Elderly Women With Upper Crossed Syndrome. Health Tech Ass Act. 2023;7(3).
