The Mediating Role of Assertiveness in the Association between Family Communication Patterns and Relationships with the Opposite Sex among Adolescent Girls
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Abstract
Background: Considering the expansion of friendship between boys and girls during adolescence as abnormal behavior in our society and the important role of communication patterns in the family, it is important to investigate the effect of mediating variables on this social phenomenon.
Objectives: The present research has investigated the model of communication with the opposite sex among teenage girls in Birjand city under the influence of communication patterns in the family and the mediating variable of assertiveness.
Methods: This is a correlational study. The sample size was 360 female students of Birjand city. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collection tool was a set of questionnaires. We use correlational analysis methods and Structural Equation Model to interpret data.
Results: The fitted model showed that family communication patterns have a significant effect on the relationship with the opposite sex through mediating variables.
Conclusions: The communication pattern of dialogue alone does not play a role in the relationship with the opposite sex, but with increasing assertiveness; it decreases the relationship with the opposite sex.
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13. Franco M, Prata M. Influence of the individual characteristics and personality traits of the founder on the performance of family SMEs. Eur J Int Manag. 2019;13(1):41. https://doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2019.096498.
14. Throuvala MA, Janikian M, Griffiths MD, Rennoldson M, KussDJ. The role of family and personality traits in Internet gaming disorder: A mediation model combining cognitive and attachment perspectives. J Behav Addict. 2019;8(1):48-62. [PubMedID:30739463]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC7044602]. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.05.
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16. Schreiber JB, Nora A, Stage FK, Barlow EA, King J. Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review. J Educ Res. 2006;99(6):323-38. https://doi.org/10.3200/joer.99.6.323-338.
17. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2023.
18. 18.Gambrill ED, Richey CA. An assertion inventory for use in assessment and research. Behav Ther. 1975;6(4):550-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80013-x.
19. Koerner AF, Fitzpatrick MA. Toward a Theory of Family Communication. Commun Theory. 2002;12(1):70-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00260.x.
20. Kordloo M. [Challenges in the high school counseling students about the relationship with the opposite sex and the role of consultants in solving the problem]. Roshd. 2009;4(3):32-7. Persian.
21. Riahi M, Khayatan F. [The Relationship between Attitudes toward Parents, Trust in Interpersonal Relationship and Attitudes to Premarital Relationship with a Desire to Marry the Young Single in Isfahan City]. Journal of Woman and Family Studies. 2018;6(1):469-92. Persian. https://doi.org/10.22051/jwfs.2017.12691.1293.
22. Saqqezi A, Yazdani Esfidvajani H. [Predict marriage desire based on premarital Relationship attitude: Control the role of gender and experience the relationship with the opposite sex]. Rooyesh.
2020;9(7):139-46. Persian.
23. Feizi Manesh B, Yarahmadi Y. [A Survey of the Effect of Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) on Cognitive Functions of Opioid-dependent Patients in Central prison of Hamedan].Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 2017;7(0):16-. Persian.
24. Heisler JM. Family Communication About Sex: Parents and College-Aged Offspring Recall Discussion Topics, Satisfaction, and Parental Involvement. J Fam Commun. 2005;5(4):295-312. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327698jfc0504_4.
25. Koesten J, Anderson K. Exploring the Influence of Family Communication Patterns, Cognitive Complexity, and Interpersonal Competence on Adolescent Risk Behaviors. J Fam Commun.2004;4(2):99-121. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327698jfc0402_2.
26. Koesten J, Schrodt P, Ford DJ. Cognitive flexibility as a mediator
of family communication environments and young adults’ wellbeing. Health Commun. 2009;24(1):82-94. [PubMed ID:19204861].https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230802607024.
27. Sigelman CK, Rider EA. Human development across the life span. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, , Australia,; 2012.https://worldcat.org/en/title/774016512
28. Wolpe J. The practice of behavior therapy. Oxford: Pergamon Press;1990.
29. Crocker J, Luhtanen RK. Level of self-esteem and contingencies of self-worth: unique effects on academic, social, and financial problems in college students. Pers Soc Psychol Bull.2003;29(6):701-12. [PubMed ID:15189626]. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203029006003.
30. Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. J Affect Disord.2015;173:90-6. [PubMed ID:25462401]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.054.
31. Crocker J, Luhtanen RK, Cooper ML, Bouvrette A. Contingencies of self-worth in college students: theory and measurement. J PersSoc Psychol. 2003;85(5):894-908. [PubMed ID:14599252]. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.894.
32. Koerner AF, Fitzpatrick MA. Family Communication Patterns Theory: A Social Cognitive Approach. In: Braithwaite DO, Baxter LA, editors. Engaging Theories in Family Communication: Multiple Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 2006. p. 50-65.
33. Parray WM, Kumar S. The Effect of Assertiveness Training on Behaviour, Self-esteem, Stress, Academic Achievement and Psychological Well-Being of Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study. ResDev. 2022;3(2):83-90.
34. Perez-Gramaje AF, Garcia OF, Reyes M, Serra E, Garcia F. Parenting Styles and Aggressive Adolescents: Relationships with Self-esteem and Personal Maladjustment. Eur J Psychol Appl Leg Context. 2019;12(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2020a1.
35. Shimizu T, Kubota S, Mishima N, Nagata S. Relationship between self-esteem and assertiveness training among Japanese hospital nurses. J Occup Health. 2004;46(4):296-8. [PubMed ID:15308829].https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.46.296.
2. Garrido EF, Weiler LM, Taussig HN. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health-Risk Behaviors in Vulnerable Early Adolescents. J Early Adolesc. 2018;38(5):661-80. [PubMed ID:29861530]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC5976451]. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431616687671.
3. Yanık B. Children’s relationships with the opposite sex insidepeer culture: the case of rural children in Turkey. Early Child DevCare. 2020;190(7):1080-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1514393.
4. Wang N. Parent-Adolescent Communication About Sexuality in Chinese Families. J Fam Commun. 2016;16(3):229-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2016.1170685.
5. Schouten BC, van den Putte B, Pasmans M, Meeuwesen L. Parentadolescent communication about sexuality: the role of adolescents’ beliefs, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Patient Educ Couns. 2007;66(1):75-83. [PubMed ID:17137742].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2006.10.010.
6. Eskafi M, Yousefi M. Single Mothers’ Tendency to Remarry and the Obstacles: A Case on Basic Theory. J Research Health. 2021;11(2):131-
8. https://doi.org/10.32598/jrh.11.2.1368.3. 7. Carone N, Baiocco R, Lingiardi V. Single fathers by choice using
surrogacy: why men decide to have a child as a single parent. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(9):1871-9. [PubMed ID:28854718]. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex245.
8. 8. Du H, Xiao Y, Zhao L. Education and gender role attitudes. JPopul Econ. 2021;34(2):475-513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00793-3.
9. Magnusson C. Adolescent girls’ sexual attitudes and oppositesex relations in 1970 and in 1996. J Adolesc Health. 2001;28(3):242-52. [PubMed ID:11226848]. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00160-9.
10. Mitchell KR, Mercer CH, Prah P, Clifton S, Tanton C, Wellings K, etal. Why Do Men Report More Opposite-Sex Sexual Partners Than Women? Analysis of the Gender Discrepancy in a British National Probability Survey. J Sex Res. 2019;56(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1481193.
11. Belsky J, Steinberg L, Draper P. Childhood experience, interpersonal development, and reproductive strategy: and evolutionary theory of socialization. Child Dev. 1991;62(4):647-70. [PubMedID:1935336]. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01558.x.
12. Mpondo F, Ruiter RAC, Schaafsma D, van den Borne B, Reddy PS.Understanding the role played by parents, culture and the school curriculum in socializing young women on sexual health issues
in rural South African communities. SAHARA J. 2018;15(1):42-9.[PubMed ID:29621922]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC5917307]. https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2018.1455603.
13. Franco M, Prata M. Influence of the individual characteristics and personality traits of the founder on the performance of family SMEs. Eur J Int Manag. 2019;13(1):41. https://doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2019.096498.
14. Throuvala MA, Janikian M, Griffiths MD, Rennoldson M, KussDJ. The role of family and personality traits in Internet gaming disorder: A mediation model combining cognitive and attachment perspectives. J Behav Addict. 2019;8(1):48-62. [PubMedID:30739463]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC7044602]. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.05.
15. Holter P, Hendriksen NB. Respiratory loss and bulk export of organic matter from cattle dung pats: a field study. Ecography.1988;11(2):81-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1988.tb00784.x.
16. Schreiber JB, Nora A, Stage FK, Barlow EA, King J. Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review. J Educ Res. 2006;99(6):323-38. https://doi.org/10.3200/joer.99.6.323-338.
17. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2023.
18. 18.Gambrill ED, Richey CA. An assertion inventory for use in assessment and research. Behav Ther. 1975;6(4):550-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80013-x.
19. Koerner AF, Fitzpatrick MA. Toward a Theory of Family Communication. Commun Theory. 2002;12(1):70-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00260.x.
20. Kordloo M. [Challenges in the high school counseling students about the relationship with the opposite sex and the role of consultants in solving the problem]. Roshd. 2009;4(3):32-7. Persian.
21. Riahi M, Khayatan F. [The Relationship between Attitudes toward Parents, Trust in Interpersonal Relationship and Attitudes to Premarital Relationship with a Desire to Marry the Young Single in Isfahan City]. Journal of Woman and Family Studies. 2018;6(1):469-92. Persian. https://doi.org/10.22051/jwfs.2017.12691.1293.
22. Saqqezi A, Yazdani Esfidvajani H. [Predict marriage desire based on premarital Relationship attitude: Control the role of gender and experience the relationship with the opposite sex]. Rooyesh.
2020;9(7):139-46. Persian.
23. Feizi Manesh B, Yarahmadi Y. [A Survey of the Effect of Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) on Cognitive Functions of Opioid-dependent Patients in Central prison of Hamedan].Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 2017;7(0):16-. Persian.
24. Heisler JM. Family Communication About Sex: Parents and College-Aged Offspring Recall Discussion Topics, Satisfaction, and Parental Involvement. J Fam Commun. 2005;5(4):295-312. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327698jfc0504_4.
25. Koesten J, Anderson K. Exploring the Influence of Family Communication Patterns, Cognitive Complexity, and Interpersonal Competence on Adolescent Risk Behaviors. J Fam Commun.2004;4(2):99-121. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327698jfc0402_2.
26. Koesten J, Schrodt P, Ford DJ. Cognitive flexibility as a mediator
of family communication environments and young adults’ wellbeing. Health Commun. 2009;24(1):82-94. [PubMed ID:19204861].https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230802607024.
27. Sigelman CK, Rider EA. Human development across the life span. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, , Australia,; 2012.https://worldcat.org/en/title/774016512
28. Wolpe J. The practice of behavior therapy. Oxford: Pergamon Press;1990.
29. Crocker J, Luhtanen RK. Level of self-esteem and contingencies of self-worth: unique effects on academic, social, and financial problems in college students. Pers Soc Psychol Bull.2003;29(6):701-12. [PubMed ID:15189626]. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203029006003.
30. Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. J Affect Disord.2015;173:90-6. [PubMed ID:25462401]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.054.
31. Crocker J, Luhtanen RK, Cooper ML, Bouvrette A. Contingencies of self-worth in college students: theory and measurement. J PersSoc Psychol. 2003;85(5):894-908. [PubMed ID:14599252]. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.894.
32. Koerner AF, Fitzpatrick MA. Family Communication Patterns Theory: A Social Cognitive Approach. In: Braithwaite DO, Baxter LA, editors. Engaging Theories in Family Communication: Multiple Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 2006. p. 50-65.
33. Parray WM, Kumar S. The Effect of Assertiveness Training on Behaviour, Self-esteem, Stress, Academic Achievement and Psychological Well-Being of Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study. ResDev. 2022;3(2):83-90.
34. Perez-Gramaje AF, Garcia OF, Reyes M, Serra E, Garcia F. Parenting Styles and Aggressive Adolescents: Relationships with Self-esteem and Personal Maladjustment. Eur J Psychol Appl Leg Context. 2019;12(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2020a1.
35. Shimizu T, Kubota S, Mishima N, Nagata S. Relationship between self-esteem and assertiveness training among Japanese hospital nurses. J Occup Health. 2004;46(4):296-8. [PubMed ID:15308829].https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.46.296.
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| Issue | Vol 7, No 1 (2023) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/htaa.v7i1.13300 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Assertiveness Family Communication Patterns Opposite Sex Teenage Girls | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Atefifar S, Asadi Younesi MR, Pakdaman M. The Mediating Role of Assertiveness in the Association between Family Communication Patterns and Relationships with the Opposite Sex among Adolescent Girls. Health Tech Ass Act. 2023;7(1).
